Relationship between Resilience and Quality of Life in Cardiovascular Patients with the Mediating Role of Lifestyle

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease, as a chronic and debilitating physical condition, is one of the most common causes of mortality. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of lifestyle in the relationship between resilience and quality of life in cardiovascular patients.Method: The present study was a descriptive-correlational and structural equation. The statistical population of the present study includes all cardiovascular patientsreferring to cardiovascular hospitals in Tehran in 2019, of which 303 people were selected as the sample by the purposed sampling method. Data collection tools included the qualityof life,health-promoting lifestyle profile, and Connor Davidson resilience scale.Results: The results showed there is a significant positive relationship between lifestyle with quality of life in patients with heart disease. Resilience had a positive relationship with quality of life. Lifestyle also played a mediating role in resilience to quality of life (P<0.01).Conclusion: Based on this, in the field of designing the necessary measures to improve the quality of life in cardiovascular patients, it is possible to develop programs to strengthen resilience and a healthy lifestyle

The discriminational role of emotion dysregulation, metacognitive belies, intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety in discriminant two groups of students with and without mobile phone addiction

Background: Emotional dysregulation, metacognitive beliefs, intolerance of uncertainty, and anxiety can play a very important role in a person's personal and social life. This study aimed to determine the discriminational role of emotion dysregulation, metacognitive beliefs, intolerance of uncertainty, and anxiety in discriminant two groups of students with and without cell phone addiction. Methods: The present study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population consists of all male students in high school in Tehran in the year academic 2019-2020. According to the convenience sampling method, 400 students (74 students with cell phone addiction and 326 students without cell phone addiction) were selected by model Kline. They were asked to mobile phone addiction questionnaire (MPAQ) of Savari, difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS) of Gratz and Roemer, meta-cognitions (MCQ) of Cartwright-Hatton and Wells, intolerance of uncertainty scale (IUS-27) of Freeston and et al., and Beck anxiety inventory (BAI). Data were analyzed by using SPSS-24 software and the discriminant analysis method. Results: The results showed that emotion dysregulation, metacognitive beliefs, intolerance of uncertainty, and anxiety can help to cell phone addiction, and function discriminant analysis assigned 93.3 percent of the students with and without cell phone addiction. Some factors, including emotion dysregulation, metacognitive beliefs, intolerance of uncertainty, and anxiety were found to affect cell phone addiction. Conclusion: To cell phone addiction, attention should be paid to emotional disorders, metacognitive beliefs, intolerance of uncertainty, and students' anxiety, and the necessary training should be given in this regard

A comparative study of pharmaceutical institutions in Iran and abroad

Introduction: In different countries, various organizations and associations are active in the field of pharmacy. These activities mainly consist of policy-making, implementation, training and supervision. In Iran, different tasks are concentrated in one or two institutions; and the active presence of the private sector is not tangible. On the other hand, in developed countries, tasks are divided between public and private institutions. In this article, by investigating and comparing these institutions in different countries and drawing conclusions, systems for dividing tasks with greater efficiency will be achieved. Methods and Results: The workgroup on "Investigating Pharmaceutical Institutions" of Pharmaceutical-Strategic-Studies-Office conducted a study on the responsibilities of each of these institutions, their target population, efficiency rate on the defined objectives in policy, implementation, monitoring and education areas in Iran, neighboring countries and developed countries, as well as their different and similar duties with each other. In this review article, several searches have been done in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, specialized books as well as websites related to each of these institutions. The results show that in developed countries an average of six pharmaceutical associations exist, all of which are active in the field of education. In the United States, an organization that approves the competency of pharmacists and issues pharmacy establishment permits has been separated from overseeing organizations. In Japan, other than the Health Ministry as a policy-maker and a special council for legislative purposes, a formal overseeing institution, an Office of Health Assessment and two associations with a scientific-trade and research approach are active. In Australia, one third of the associations are active in the area of law enforcement; and the organization which is active in the field of policy-making and supervision does not have any executive activities. In the European Union, one institution has a role in the field of macro policy-making and two associations are involved in micro policy-making. In India and Pakistan, practically all affairs are carried out in the governmental format; NGOs operate in the field of education, research and government consultation. Overall, China is the most similar to Iran

A Meta-Analysis of Organizational Factors Effective of Efficiency and Motivation of Teachers

The data of the present research was initially collected by using research findings systematic review for the study of the organizational factors effective on teachers’ efficiency and motivation. Then the meta-analysis method was used to respond to questions. The statistical population of this research includes all researches which were conducted inside Iran in the field of factors effective on teachers’ efficiency and motivation between 1996 to 2016. On this basis, the statistical population was identified and relevant data was coded by internet research in internal data banks and also manual search in Tehran universities. Finally, 18 studies were included in the present meta-analysis.  To collect the required data meta-analysis, worksheet form was used. Data analysis results show that the size index of studies compound effect was 0.10 under the fixed model and 0.17 under the random model. In the separation study of the size of variables effect, the organization health factors, organizational climate, students’ motivation, director’s attention, and relationship-oriented management style, had the highest effect on the teachers’ efficiency and motivation, respectively. In egger’s regression method, the regression constant was estimated equal to 0.01 which its level of significance is less than 0.05; therefore according to the egger’s regression, publication bias exists. Also, moderating analysis was done for variables of publication year and place of carrying out the research which shows the ineffectiveness of moderating variables of the year of conduction of the research and the place of conduction of the research on the studies’ results

Multiple Associations of Clinicopathological Characteristics and Risk Factors of Colorectal Cancer in the Iranian Population

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that clinicopathological features of colorectal cancer (CRC) could be diverse in different CRC patients groups. The present study aimed to analyze the association between clinicopathological characteristics and the risk factors in different CRC patients groups, which is categorized by sex, family history, age, and also primary tumor site in the Iranian CRC patients. Method: In this cross-sectional study, we included 304 patients with CRC. The data of clinicopathological features were collected from documented pathology reports. Subsequently, we carried out multiple analyses to discover the association among these elements. Results: Our analysis demonstrated that there was a significant difference between men and women regarding the mean age at diagnosis, tumor locations, mean size of tumors, positive family history, smoking status, and physical activity (P <0.05). Out of all the patients, 22.4% had a positive family history of cancer. The patients with a positive family history just have lower mean age, body mass index (BMI), and higher physical activity compared with patients without family history of cancer (P <0.001). 31.9% of the patients were in the age group of below 55 and 68.1% were in the age group of 55. The majority of our patients in 0.05). Conclusion: Gaining information about the association between clinicopathological characteristics and the risk factors in CRC could provide a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and consequently, improve the management of diseases

Long-term outcomes of amniotic membrane transplantation in contact lens-induced pseudomonas keratitis with impending corneal perforation

Purpose: To report the anatomical and visual outcomes of double layered amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) in eyes with advanced Pseudomonas keratitis leading to Descemetocele formation. Methods: This prospective interventional case series included 6 eyes of 6 female patients with pseudomonas keratitis caused by contact lens-induced infection who underwent double layered AMT. Surgery was performed after the ulcers were found to be poorly responsive to antibiotics, and severe thinning or Descemetocele had developed. All patients underwent a complete examination pre- and postoperatively, as well as anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) and pachymetry or Orbscan after the procedure. Results: Mean follow-up period was 24 months. There was neither frank corneal perforation nor a need for emergent corneal transplantation in any of the eyes. All patients had visual acuity of hand motions before the procedure which improved to 20/50 to 20/30 three months after surgery. No surgical or postoperative complication occurred in this series. Conclusion: Double layered AMT may result in acceptable anatomical outcomes in patients with advanced Pseudomonas keratitis with Descemetocele formation and can eliminate the need for emergent corneal transplantation

Develop and Validate a Teacher’s Guide of 1st grade Science Subject-matter based on Cognitive Tools of Imaginative Education Theory

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a teacher’s guide of 1st grade science subject-matter based on cognitive tools of imaginative education theory. The research method was qualitative content analysis. The research community included the textbooks and guide of the science teacher and related to the first primary sciences and resources, articles, and digital books associated with cognitive tools of imaginative education theory. The sampling method was purposive and thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Based on open and axial coding,, 3 basic categories and 7 subcategories related to the water chapter of the first elementary sciences and 10 categories were obtained related to the subject of cognitive tools of imaginative education theory. The first primary science education guide was developed based on the cognitive tools of the imaginative education theory. In order to validate the developed guide, this guide was provided to the experts and their opinions and corrections were collected by Delphi method and applied in the guide. the content validity of the developed guide was investigated using the content validity index and content validity ratio. This guide, which has been approved by experts, has been compiled for the first time in the country and can be used by first grade teachers. It can also be used as a model for teachers and educators to use to teach any content in areas related to children's education such as schools and kindergartens

The Structural Model of Relationships Between Dimensions of Personality Pathology and bullying Through Self handicapping Among High School Students

Background and Aim: The phenomenon of bullying in schools is one of the things that can threaten the safety of students and consequently cause educational issues. The present study aimed to evaluate the structural model of the relationship between the dimensions of personality pathology and bullying through conditional self-handicapping among high school students. Methods: This research was conducted using the structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of the present study included all high school girls of District 2 of Tehran in the academic year 2021-22, who were 145,398 students, according to the Tehran Department of Education. According to the Michel (1993) criteria and the multi-stage cluster sampling method, 300 people were selected as a sample. They completed the following instruments: Schwinger, & Stiensmeier-Pelster self-incapacitation questionnaire (2011), Olweus bullying questionnaire (1986), and the short form of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Personality Questionnaire (PID-5-BF). Data analysis was done using Pearson correlation method and structural equation modeling with SPSS and Lisrel software.  Results: The findings of the structural model test showed that personality dimensions have a positive relationship with self-handicapping (β=0.43; P<0.001) and bullying (β=0.33; P<0.001). Also, the relationship between self-handicapping and bullying was positive (β=0.25; P<0.001). The results of mediation effects showed that academic self-handicapping plays a mediating role in the relationship between abnormal personality dimensions and bullying (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results generally showed that the tested model has a good fit with the conceptual mode

Efficacy of wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy with iris registration for management of moderate to high astigmatism by advanced personalized treatment nomogram

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) using the advanced personalized treatment (APT) nomogram for correction of moderate to high astigmatism. Methods: This prospective interventional case series included 60 consecutive eyes of 30 patients undergoing wavefront-guided PRK (Zyoptix 217 Z100 excimer laser, Bausch & Lomb, Munich, Germany) using the APT nomogram and iris registration for myopic astigmatism. Mitomycin-C was applied intraoperatively in all eyes. Ophthalmic examination was performed preoperatively and 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Results: Preoperatively, mean sphere was -1.68 ± 2.08 diopters (D), mean refractive astigmatism was -3.04 ± 1.05 D and mean spherical equivalent (SE) was -3.12 ± 1.77 D. Six months postoperatively, mean sphere was + 0.60 ± 0.64 D (P < 0.005), mean cylinder was -0.43 ± 0.46 D (P < 0.005) and mean SE was + 0.28 ± 0.48 D (P < 0.005). Hyperopic overcorrection (≥ +1.0 D) occurred in 3 (5%) eyes. Postoperatively, root mean square (RMS) of higher order aberrations (HOAs) was significantly increased (P = 0.041). RMS of spherical aberration (Z [4, 0]) showed no significant change after surgery (P = 0.972). Conclusion: Considering the acceptable residual refractive error, low rate of hyperopic overcorrection, acceptable uncorrected visual acuity, and low risk of postoperative corneal haze, PRK using the APT nomogram with iris registration and mitomycin-C use is a safe and effective modality for treatment of moderate to high astigmatism

Spatial Distribution of Arsenic under the Influence of Chemical Fertilizers Using Geostatistics in Eghlid, Fars, Iran

Background & Aims of the Study: The aim of this study is spatial distribution of arsenic (As) under the influence of chemical fertilizers using geostatistics in city of Eghlid, Iran. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive study, spatial distribution of arsenic was randomly investigated in 100 soil samples and its content was measured by ICP-OES. Spatial distribution of As and geostatistics were studied by ArcGIS software. Data distribution normality was performed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; and then Pearson correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis. Results: The mean concentration of As was 1.85 mg/kg in the studied area and its change range was 2.08 mg/kg with the minimum and maximum concentration of 0.90 and 2.98 mg/kg respectively. Since the mean concentration of this element was estimated equal to 5 mg/kg in the world's soil, the mean concentration of As was lower than its global value and higher than the qualitative standard in the studied area. Also, the correlation of As with lead (Pb) was 0.406 which was significant at the level of 99%. Therefore, lead was used as the auxiliary data for As zoning.  The results of the geostatistics, cokriging method showed that the highest precision due to the lower error of RMSE and RMSS (RMSE = 0.001, RMSS = 1.052), and thus map of spatial distribution of As was provided on this basis. Conclusions: Results indicated that the dense agricultural soils located in the center of studied area had the highest concentration of As, but the northwestern poor agricultural soils had the highest concentration of As in studied area